[250] Two plays not included in the First Folio, The Two Noble Kinsmen and Pericles, Prince of Tyre, are now accepted as part of the canon, with today's scholars agreeing that Shakespeare made major contributions to the writing of both. They contend that Shakespeare had neither the education nor the literary training to write such eloquent prose and create such rich characters. [241] "This King Shakespeare," the essayist Thomas Carlyle wrote in 1840, "does not he shine, in crowned sovereignty, over us all, as the noblest, gentlest, yet strongest of rallying signs; indestructible". [204] In Macbeth, for example, the language darts from one unrelated metaphor or simile to another: "was the hope drunk/ Wherein you dressed yourself?" In 1585, Anne bore twins, Hamnet and Judith Shakespeare. His plays have been translated into almost all major languages . No birth records exist, but an old church record indicates that a William Shakespeare was baptized at Holy Trinity Church in Stratford-upon-Avon on April 26, 1564. Susanna, the first of their three children, was born six months later on 26 May 1583. [220] Samuel Johnson quoted him more often than any other author in his A Dictionary of the English Language, the first serious work of its type. [230][231] The authors of the Parnassus plays at St John's College, Cambridge, numbered him with Chaucer, Gower, and Spenser. A Very Brief William Shakespeare Biography. As a result, critics of the time mostly rated Shakespeare below John Fletcher and Ben Jonson. [171] On 29 June, however, a cannon set fire to the thatch of the Globe and burned the theatre to the ground, an event which pinpoints the date of a Shakespeare play with rare precision. [232] In the First Folio, Ben Jonson called Shakespeare the "Soul of the age, the applause, delight, the wonder of our stage", although he had remarked elsewhere that "Shakespeare wanted art" (lacked skill). This made him an entrepreneur as well as an artist, and scholars believe these investments gave him the time to write his plays uninterrupted. Les historiens ont tenté de retracer l’existence de Shakespeare sans pouvoir en faire un récit exhaustif. British novelist William Golding wrote the critically acclaimed classic 'Lord of the Flies,' and was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1983. There is also strong circumstantial evidence of personal relationships by contemporaries who interacted with Shakespeare as an actor and a playwright. About this time his father suffered an unknown financial setback, though the family home remained in his … No other writer’s plays have been produced so many times or read so widely in so many countries as his. Scholars have surmised that he most likely attended the King's New School, in Stratford, which taught reading, writing and the classics. Shakespeare is considered to be the greatest playwright of all time. Log in or register to post comments; MissGoldWerewolf replied on 1 July, 2020 - 14:21 India Permalink. No extant contemporary source explains how or why he died. The father, a dealer in wool (commerciante di lane), was a solid middle-class citizen. 26 April 1564 – 23 April 1616) was an English playwright, poet, and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's greatest dramatist. English poet and playwright – Shakespeare is widely considered to be the greatest writer in the English language. William Shakespeare was an English poet, playwright, and actor. The strongest evidence might be a Catholic statement of faith signed by his father, John Shakespeare, found in 1757 in the rafters of his former house in Henley Street. Church records show he was interred at Trinity Church on April 25, 1616. and all the men and women merely players: William Shakespeare short biography could not be complete without mentioning William’s wife and his married life. However, there is very little evidence the two had a difficult marriage. William Kidd is one of the most famous pirates in history, remembered for his execution for piracy on the Indian Ocean. William Shakespeare is an English writer, poet and dramatist. Bleste be yͤ man yͭ spares thes stones, He discovered in the theatre of London a medium just coming into its personal and an viewers eager to reward talents of the kind he possessed. [253][254] In 1896, Frederick S. Boas coined the term "problem plays" to describe four plays: All's Well That Ends Well, Measure for Measure, Troilus and Cressida, and Hamlet. Today, his plays are highly popular and constantly studied and reinterpreted in performances with diverse cultural and political contexts. However, Shakespeare was very innovative, adapting the traditional style to his own purposes and creating a freer flow of words. [114][115][116] The Comedy of Errors was also based on classical models, but no source for The Taming of the Shrew has been found, though it is related to a separate play of the same name and may have derived from a folk story. [189] Few analysts believe that the published collection follows Shakespeare's intended sequence. [104] In 1623, in conjunction with the publication of the First Folio, the Droeshout engraving was published. Susanna had married a physician, John Hall, in 1607,[87] and Judith had married Thomas Quiney, a vintner, two months before Shakespeare's death. [159] When the company found themselves in dispute with their landlord, they pulled The Theatre down and used the timbers to construct the Globe Theatre, the first playhouse built by actors for actors, on the south bank of the Thames at Southwark. [148] In this play, Shakespeare adds a supernatural element to the tragic structure. During his childhood, he was educated in the local Free Grammar School. Scholars find evidence both for and against Shakespeare's Catholicism, Protestantism, or lack of belief in his plays, but the truth may be impossible to prove. William is often called the National Poet of England and “Bard of Avon” (or simply “Bard”). [160][161] The Globe opened in autumn 1599, with Julius Caesar one of the first plays staged. He wrote 39 plays (with about half of them considered comedies) and two long poems in his lifetime. [215] Scholars have identified 20,000 pieces of music linked to Shakespeare's works. [39][40] Little evidence substantiates such stories other than hearsay collected after his death, and Shakeshafte was a common name in the Lancashire area.[41][42]. Records show that Shakespeare had works published and sold as popular literature. See. He encloses us because we see with his fundamental perceptions."[249]. William Shakespeare est un dramaturge, poète et acteur anglais baptisé le 26 avril 1564[N 1] à Stratford-upon-Avon et mort le 23 avril 1616[N 2] dans la même ville. The ghosts fall on their knees. Shakespeare is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. 26 April 1564 – 23 April 1616)[a] was an English playwright, poet, and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's greatest dramatist. [233] Thomas Rymer, for example, condemned Shakespeare for mixing the comic with the tragic. [221] Expressions such as "with bated breath" (Merchant of Venice) and "a foregone conclusion" (Othello) have found their way into everyday English speech. That demand also led to the production of several fake portraits, as well as misattributions, repaintings, and relabelling of portraits of other people. With about 39 plays, 154 sonnets, and a few other works, his legacy is fairly considerable and a subject of exploration and continuous … Although the theater culture in 16th century England was not highly admired by people of high rank, some of the nobility were good patrons of the performing arts and friends of the actors. Less bleak than the tragedies, these four plays are graver in tone than the comedies of the 1590s, but they end with reconciliation and the forgiveness of potentially tragic errors. William Shakespeare was an English poet, scholarly playwright and actor of poetry. Burbage played the leading role in the first performances of many of Shakespeare's plays, including Richard III, Hamlet, Othello, and King Lear. [37] John Aubrey reported that Shakespeare had been a country schoolmaster. 1. https://www.anglaisfacile.com/cgi2/myexam/voir2.php?id=8724 Blogging; Uncategorized It is not known whether this was written by Shakespeare himself or by the publisher, Thomas Thorpe, whose initials appear at the foot of the dedication page; nor is it known who Mr. W.H. [44], Scholars differ on the exact meaning of Greene's words,[44][45] but most agree that Greene was accusing Shakespeare of reaching above his rank in trying to match such university-educated writers as Christopher Marlowe, Thomas Nashe, and Greene himself (the so-called "University Wits"). [13] The volume was prefaced with a poem by Ben Jonson, in which Jonson presciently hailed Shakespeare in a now-famous quote as "not of an age, but for all time". Hamnet later died of unknown causes at age 11. Voir résultats de recherche pour cet auteur. He increasingly tuned his metaphors and images to the needs of the drama itself. Of the tributes from fellow authors, one refers to his relatively sudden death: "We wondered, Shakespeare, that thou went'st so soon / From the world's stage to the grave's tiring room. [76] Shakespeare continued to visit London during the years 1611–1614. [158] Londoners flocked there to see the first part of Henry IV, Leonard Digges recording, "Let but Falstaff come, Hal, Poins, the rest ... and you scarce shall have a room". The poet and critic T.S. … William Shakespeare (bapt. [195][196], "And pity, like a naked new-born babe, No original manuscripts of Shakespeare's plays are known to exist today. However, records indicate John's fortunes declined sometime in the late 1570s. [35][36] Another 18th-century story has Shakespeare starting his theatrical career minding the horses of theatre patrons in London. [180] Influenced by Ovid's Metamorphoses,[181] the poems show the guilt and moral confusion that result from uncontrolled lust. [213] His work heavily influenced later poetry. [2][3][4] In the last phase of his life, he wrote tragicomedies (also known as romances) and collaborated with other playwrights. [264][265][266], Shakespeare conformed to the official state religion,[k] but his private views on religion have been the subject of debate. His father William was a successful local businessman, and his mother Mary was the daughter of a landowner. Half a century later, John Ward, the vicar of Stratford, wrote in his notebook: "Shakespeare, Drayton, and Ben Jonson had a merry meeting and, it seems, drank too hard, for Shakespeare died of a fever there contracted",[84][85] not an impossible scenario since Shakespeare knew Jonson and Drayton. By 1599, Shakespeare and his business partners built their own theater on the south bank of the Thames River, which they called the Globe Theater. There are seven years of Shakespeare's life where no records exist after the birth of his twins in 1585. William Shakespeare Biography. He was born in the village of Stratford-upon-Avon in April 1564 and died there in April 1616. 26 April 1564 – 23 April 1616) was an English playwright, poet, and actor. William Shakespeare Biography. William Shakespeare (April 23, 1564–April 23, 1616) wrote at least 37 plays and 154 sonnets, which are considered among the most important and enduring ever written.Although the plays have captured the imagination of theatergoers for centuries, some historians claim that Shakespeare didn’t actually write them. William Shakespeare - English Literature Shakespeare, William Shakespeare, was an English dramatist and a poet. Though graver in tone than the comedies, they are not the dark tragedies of King Lear or Macbeth because they end with reconciliation and forgiveness. [32], After the birth of the twins, Shakespeare left few historical traces until he is mentioned as part of the London theatre scene in 1592. William Shakespeare (26 April 1564 (baptised) – 23 April 1616) was an English poet, playwright, and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world’s pre-eminent dramatist. [59] The absence of his name from the 1605 cast list for Jonson's Volpone is taken by some scholars as a sign that his acting career was nearing its end. William Shakespeare Wife & Married life. William Shakespeare (bapt. [142][143] In King Lear, the old king commits the tragic error of giving up his powers, initiating the events which lead to the torture and blinding of the Earl of Gloucester and the murder of Lear's youngest daughter Cordelia. Over the centuries, several groups have emerged that question the authorship of Shakespeare's plays. Grammar schools varied in quality during the Elizabethan era, but grammar school curricula were largely similar: the basic Latin text was standardised by royal decree,[24][25] and the school would have provided an intensive education in grammar based upon Latin classical authors. [140] The plots of Shakespeare's tragedies often hinge on such fatal errors or flaws, which overturn order and destroy the hero and those he loves. [187][188] Even before the two unauthorised sonnets appeared in The Passionate Pilgrim in 1599, Francis Meres had referred in 1598 to Shakespeare's "sugred Sonnets among his private friends". Shakespeare uses it, for example, to convey the turmoil in Hamlet's mind:[202]. [208] As Shakespeare's mastery grew, he gave his characters clearer and more varied motivations and distinctive patterns of speech. Biographie [modifier | modifier le wikicode]. [128] After the lyrical Richard II, written almost entirely in verse, Shakespeare introduced prose comedy into the histories of the late 1590s, Henry IV, parts 1 and 2, and Henry V. His characters become more complex and tender as he switches deftly between comic and serious scenes, prose and poetry, and achieves the narrative variety of his mature work. William Shakespeare lived during the Renaissance period, he was born in April 1564, in Stratford, near London. [15] This date, which can be traced to a mistake made by an 18th-century scholar, has proved appealing to biographers because Shakespeare died on the same date in 1616. "use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); Subscribe to the Biography newsletter to receive stories about the people who shaped our world and the stories that shaped their lives. [72] However, it is perhaps relevant that the bubonic plague raged in London throughout 1609. Most of Shakespeare's greatest post-1599 plays were written for the Globe, including Hamlet, Othello, and King Lear. While it’s difficult to determine the exact chronology of Shakespeare’s plays, over the course of two decades, from about 1590 to 1613, he wrote a total of 37 plays revolving around several main themes: histories, tragedies, comedies and tragicomedies. Trouver tous les livres, en savoir plus sur l'auteur. [56][57][58] Shakespeare continued to act in his own and other plays after his success as a playwright. [179], In 1593 and 1594, when the theatres were closed because of plague, Shakespeare published two narrative poems on sexual themes, Venus and Adonis and The Rape of Lucrece. [183][185][186], Published in 1609, the Sonnets were the last of Shakespeare's non-dramatic works to be printed. ... For the lesson on William Shakespeare's Biography the whole class will be divided into twos or threesome. [64], Throughout his career, Shakespeare divided his time between London and Stratford. By the early 1590s, documents show Shakespeare was a managing partner in the Lord Chamberlain's Men, an acting company in London with which he was connected for most of his career. On possède peu de données précises sur la vie de Shakespeare. [70] In 1612, he was called as a witness in Bellott v Mountjoy, a court case concerning the marriage settlement of Mountjoy's daughter, Mary. [212] Soliloquies had been used mainly to convey information about characters or events, but Shakespeare used them to explore characters' minds. Scholars and literary critics began to float names like Christopher Marlowe, Edward de Vere and Francis Bacon — men of more known backgrounds, literary accreditation, or inspiration — as the true authors of the plays. The Life of William Shakespeare England’s most talented and well know poet and dramatist was born on April 23, 1564, at Stratford-upon-Avon, located in the cetre of England. Inscribed in Latin on his funerary monument: Church of the Holy Trinity, Stratford-upon-Avon, Oxfordian theory of Shakespeare authorship, "How Shakespeare was turned into a German", "Unser Shakespeare: Germans' mad obsession with the Bard", "Simon Callow: What the Dickens? "[165][166], The actors in Shakespeare's company included the famous Richard Burbage, William Kempe, Henry Condell and John Heminges. In 1599, two early drafts of sonnets 138 and 144 appeared in The Passionate Pilgrim, published under Shakespeare's name but without his permission. A series of scholarly editions of his work, notably those of Samuel Johnson in 1765 and Edmond Malone in 1790, added to his growing reputation. [174] Nor did Shakespeare plan or expect his works to survive in any form at all; those works likely would have faded into oblivion but for his friends' spontaneous idea, after his death, to create and publish the First Folio. In 1582, at the age of eighteen, William Shakespeare married twenty-six-year-old Anne Hathaway. Members of the Shakespeare Oxford Society (founded in 1957) put forth arguments that English aristocrat and poet Edward de Vere, the 17th Earl of Oxford, was the true author of the poems and plays of "William Shakespeare.". Surnommé « le Barde d'Avon », « le Barde immortel » ou simplement « le Barde », il est considéré comme l'un des plus grands poètes et dramaturges de langue anglaise. William Shakespeare. [218], In Shakespeare's day, English grammar, spelling, and pronunciation were less standardised than they are now,[219] and his use of language helped shape modern English. [200] By the time of Romeo and Juliet, Richard II, and A Midsummer Night's Dream in the mid-1590s, Shakespeare had begun to write a more natural poetry. William Shakespeare Biography. They collected them for publication after Shakespeare died, preserving the plays. Marriage and career. Shakespeare's Life: A Timeline When Was Shakespeare Born? William Shakespeare was born on April 23, 1564, the son of John Shakespeare and Mary Arden, in Stratford-upon-Avon, in a family that by today’s standards would be considered middle class.John Shakespeare was an alderman and was later elected mayor of Stratford, who was the highest rank a civilian could attain in politics. This technique releases the new power and flexibility of the poetry in plays such as Julius Caesar and Hamlet. William Shakespeare was an English playwright, poet, and actor, born in Stratford on Avon, in Warwickshire, England in 1564. [194] The poetry depends on extended, sometimes elaborate metaphors and conceits, and the language is often rhetorical—written for actors to declaim rather than speak. [137][138] Many critics believe that Shakespeare's greatest tragedies represent the peak of his art. William Penn was an English Quaker best known for founding the colony of Pennsylvania as a place for religious freedom in America. Cinq de leurs huit enfants survivront, et deux d'entre eux deviendront acteurs : William lui-même et son cadet Edmund (né en 1580), qui le suit à Londres. [149][150][151], In his final period, Shakespeare turned to romance or tragicomedy and completed three more major plays: Cymbeline, The Winter's Tale, and The Tempest, as well as the collaboration, Pericles, Prince of Tyre. [68][69], Rowe was the first biographer to record the tradition, repeated by Johnson, that Shakespeare retired to Stratford "some years before his death". William Shakespeare 1 William Shakespeare William Shakespeare The Chandos portrait, artist and authenticity unconfirmed. [141] In Othello, the villain Iago stokes Othello's sexual jealousy to the point where he murders the innocent wife who loves him. [73][74] The London public playhouses were repeatedly closed during extended outbreaks of the plague (a total of over 60 months closure between May 1603 and February 1610),[75] which meant there was often no acting work. In particular, he expanded the dramatic potential of characterisation, plot, language, and genre. William Shakespeare was an English poet and dramatist, in an encompassing manner regarded as the best writer in the English language and the best dramatist in the world. With only small degrees of variation, Shakespeare primarily used a metrical pattern consisting of lines of unrhymed iambic pentameter, or blank verse, to compose his plays. Some of the most deeply affecting productions of Shakespeare have been non-English, and non-European. Nevertheless, poet and critic John Dryden rated Shakespeare highly, saying of Jonson, "I admire him, but I love Shakespeare". DOWNLOAD BIOGRAPHY'S WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE FACT CARD. The Romantic poets attempted to revive Shakespearean verse drama, though with little success. Before Shakespeare's birth, his father became a successful merchant and held official positions as alderman and bailiff, an office resembling a mayor. However, these provide only brief sketches of specific events in his life and yield little insight into the man himself. Rashly— [244], The modernist revolution in the arts during the early 20th century, far from discarding Shakespeare, eagerly enlisted his work in the service of the avant-garde. The Authorship Question Who wrote the plays of William Shakespeare? It's generally believed he arrived in London in the mid- to late 1580s and may have found work as a horse attendant at some of London's finer theaters, a scenario updated centuries later by the countless aspiring actors and playwrights in Hollywood and Broadway.

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